Bram Sable-Smith, Author at KFF Health News https://kffhealthnews.org Mon, 09 Feb 2026 10:10:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://kffhealthnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/04/kffhealthnews-icon.png?w=32 Bram Sable-Smith, Author at KFF Health News https://kffhealthnews.org 32 32 161476233 Watch: Is MAHA the New MAGA? https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/watch-video-make-america-healthy-again-maha-maga-rfk-explainer/ Mon, 09 Feb 2026 10:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2152344 Republicans have hitched themselves to the “Make America Healthy Again” campaign, banking on its popularity to give them an electoral bounce. But the strategy carries risks.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a longtime anti-vaccine activist who rails against Big Pharma and ultraprocessed food, is the leader of the movement. And Americans’ support for Kennedy is cratering.

Plus, polls show voters care more about reducing health care costs than MAHA priorities such as ending vaccine mandates and promoting raw milk.

Enhanced Affordable Care Act subsidies expired at the end of 2025, fueling a nationwide affordability debate. Roughly 24 million people buy coverage on the Affordable Care Act marketplaces, and many are now facing premium payments more than double what they faced last year.

After taking a political back seat in recent years, health care may dominate the 2026 election races.

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‘Abortion as Homicide’ Debate in South Carolina Exposes GOP Rift as States Weigh New Restrictions https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/abortion-ban-republican-lawmakers-prosecuting-women-south-carolina/ Mon, 12 Jan 2026 10:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2134960 COLUMBIA, S.C. — When a trio of Republican state lawmakers introduced a bill last year that would subject women who obtain abortions to decades in prison, some reproductive rights advocates feared South Carolina might pass the “most extreme” abortion ban in the United States.

Now, though, it seems unlikely to become state law. In November, a vote to advance the bill beyond a legislative subcommittee failed. Four out of six Republicans on the Senate Medical Affairs Committee subpanel refused to vote on the measure.

Republican state Sen. Jeff Zell said during a November subcommittee hearing that he wanted to help “move this pro-life football down the field and to save as many babies as we can.” Still, he could not support the bill as written.

“What I am interested in is speaking on behalf of the South Carolinian,” he said, “and they’re not interested in this bill right now or this issue right now.”

While that bill stalled, it signals that abortion will continue to loom large during 2026 legislative sessions. More than three years after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, measures related to abortion have already been prefiled in several states, including Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Missouri, and Virginia.

Meanwhile, the South Carolina bill also exposed a rift among Republicans. Some GOP lawmakers are eager to appeal to their most conservative supporters by pursuing more restrictive abortion laws, despite the lack of support for such measures among most voters.

Until recently, the idea of charging women who obtain abortions with a crime was considered “politically toxic,” said Steven Greene, a political science professor at North Carolina State University.

Yet at least 15 states introduced “abortion as homicide” bills during 2024-2025 legislative sessions, many of which included the death penalty as a potential sentence, according to Dana Sussman, senior vice president of Pregnancy Justice, an organization that tracks the criminalization of pregnancy outcomes.

Even though none of those bills was signed into law, Sussman called this “a hugely alarming trend.”

“My fear is that one of these will end up passing,” she said.

Less than a month after the bill stalled in South Carolina, another bill — which would create criminal penalties for “coercion to obtain an abortion” — was prefiled ahead of the Jan. 13 start of the state’s legislative session.

“The issue is not going away. It’s a moral issue,” said state Sen. Richard Cash, who introduced the abortion bill that stalled in the subcommittee. “How far we can go, and what successes we can have, remain to be seen.”

‘Wrongful Death’

Florida law already bans abortion after six weeks of pregnancy. But a Republican lawmaker introduced a bill in October proposing civil liability for the “wrongful death” of a fetus. If enacted, the measure will allow parents to sue for the death of an unborn child, making them eligible for compensation, including damages for mental pain and suffering.

The bill says neither the mother nor a medical provider giving “lawful” care could be sued. But anyone else deemed to have acted with “negligence,” including someone who helps procure abortion-inducing pills or a doctor who performs an abortion after six weeks, could be sued by one of the parents.

In Missouri, a constitutional amendment to legalize abortion passed in 2024 with 51.6% of the vote. In 2026, state lawmakers are asking voters to repeal the amendment they just passed. A new proposed amendment would effectively reinstate the state’s ban on most abortions, with new exceptions for cases of rape, incest, and medical emergencies.

“I think that’s a middle-of-the-road, common sense proposal that most Missourians will agree with,” said Ed Lewis, a Republican state representative who sponsored the legislation to put the measure on the ballot.

Lewis said the 2024 amendment went too far in allowing a legal basis to challenge all of Missouri’s abortion restrictions, sometimes called “targeted regulation of abortion providers,” or TRAP, laws. Even before Missouri’s outright ban, the number of abortions recorded in the state had dropped from 5,772 in 2011 to 150 in 2021.

Meanwhile, Lewis backed another proposed constitutional amendment that will appear on the 2026 ballot. That measure would make it harder for Missourians to amend the state constitution, by requiring any amendment to receive a majority of votes in each congressional district.

One analysis suggested as few as 5% of voters could defeat any ballot measure under the proposal. Lewis dismissed the analysis as a “Democratic talking point.”

‘Gerrymandered’ Districts

Republican lawmakers aren’t necessarily aiming to pass abortion laws that appeal to the broadest swath of voters in their states.

Polling conducted ahead of Missouri’s vote in 2024 showed 52% of the state’s likely voters supported the constitutional amendment to protect access to abortion, a narrow majority that was consistent with the final vote.

In Texas, state law offers no exceptions for abortion in cases of rape or incest, even though a 2025 survey found 83% of Texans believe the procedure should be legal under those conditions.

In South Carolina, a 2024 poll found only 31% of respondents supported the state’s existing six-week abortion ban, which prohibits the procedure in most cases after fetal cardiac activity can be detected.

But Republicans hold supermajorities in the South Carolina General Assembly, and some continue to push for a near-total abortion ban even though such a law would probably be broadly unpopular. That’s because district lines have been drawn in such a way that politicians are more likely to be ousted by a more conservative member of their own party in a primary than defeated by a Democrat in a general election, said Scott Huffmon, director of the Center for Public Opinion & Policy Research at Winthrop University.

The South Carolina legislature is “so gerrymandered that more than half of the seats in both chambers were uncontested in the last general election. Whoever wins the primary wins the seat,” Huffmon said. “The best way to win the primary — or, better yet, prevent a primary challenge at all — is to run to the far right and embrace the policies of the most conservative people in the district.”

That’s what some proposals, including the “abortion as homicide” bills, reflect, said Greene, the North Carolina State professor. Lawmakers could vote for such a measure and suffer “very minimal, if any,” political backlash, he said.

“Most of the politicians passing these laws are more concerned with making the base happy than with actually dramatically reducing the number of abortions that take place within their jurisdiction,” Greene said.

Yet the number of abortions performed in South Carolina has dropped dramatically — by 63% from 2023 to 2024, when the state enacted the existing ban, according to data published by the state’s Department of Public Health.

Kimya Forouzan, a policy adviser with the Guttmacher Institute, which tracks abortion legislation throughout the country and advocates for reproductive rights, said South Carolina’s attempt to pass “the most extreme bill that we have seen” is “part of a pattern.”

“I think the push for anti-abortion legislation exists throughout the country,” she said. “There are a lot of battles that are brewing.”

KFF Health News correspondent Daniel Chang and Southern bureau chief Sabriya Rice contributed to this report.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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Estados limitan la cobertura de una terapia de referencia para el autismo. Y las familias reaccionan https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/estados-limitan-la-cobertura-de-una-terapia-de-referencia-para-el-autismo-y-las-familias-reaccionan/ Tue, 06 Jan 2026 14:08:13 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2139029 ALEXANDER, Carolina del Norte — Aubreigh Osborne tiene una nueva amiga.

Vestida de azul y con un gran moño en sus rizos rubios, la niña de 3 años se sentó en el regazo de su madre pronunciando con cuidado el nombre de una compañerita de clase después de escuchar las palabras “mejor amiga”. Hace apenas unos meses, Gaile Osborne no esperaba que su hija adoptiva hiciera amistades en la escuela.

Diagnosticada con autismo a los 14 meses, Aubreigh Osborne comenzó este año a tener dificultades para controlar sus perretas y, en ocasiones, se autolesionaba. Su dificultad para interactuar socialmente hizo que su familia evitara salir en público. Pero este verano comenzó a recibir una terapia llamada de “análisis de comportamiento aplicado”, conocida como ABA en inglés, que suele utilizarse para ayudar a personas con autismo a mejorar sus habilidades sociales y de comunicación.

Desde entonces, empezó el preescolar, ha comido con mayor regularidad, logró dejar el pañal, acompaña a su madre al supermercado sin incidentes y conoció a quien es su mejor amiga. Todo eso, por primera vez en su corta vida.

“Eso es lo que ABA nos está dando: momentos de normalidad”, dijo Osborne.

Pero en octubre, las horas de terapia de Aubreigh se redujeron abruptamente de 30 a 15 por semana, como parte de una iniciativa estatal para recortar el gasto de Medicaid.

Otras familias en el país también han visto restringido su acceso a esta terapia mientras funcionarios estatales aplican recortes importantes al programa: el seguro de salud público que cubre a personas con bajos ingresos y con discapacidades. Carolina del Norte recortó en 10% los pagos a proveedores de ABA. Nebraska redujo casi 50% los pagos para algunos de estos servicios. En Colorado e Indiana, entre otros estados, también consideran reducciones.

Estos recortes llegan cuando el gasto de Medicaid en esta terapia se ha disparado en los últimos años. Los pagos por ABA en Carolina del Norte fueron de $122 millones en el año fiscal 2022 y se proyecta que lleguen a $639 millones en 2026, un aumento del 423%. En Nebraska, el gasto aumentó 1.700% en los últimos años. En Indiana, el incremento fue de 2.800%.

El aumento en el diagnóstico y la conciencia sobre el autismo ha hecho que más familias busquen tratamiento para sus hijos, que puede ir de 10 a 40 horas semanales de servicios, según Mariel Fernandez, vicepresidenta de asuntos gubernamentales del Consejo de Proveedores de Servicios para el Autismo (Council of Autism Service Providers).

Además, la cobertura de esta terapia por Medicaid es relativamente reciente. El gobierno federal ordenó a los estados cubrir tratamientos para el autismo en 2014, pero no todos incluían ABA, considerada por Fernandez como el “estándar de oro”, hasta 2022.

Déficits presupuestarios estatales y los casi $1.000 millones en recortes previstos en Medicaid, derivados de la Gran y Hermosa Ley (One Big Beautiful Bill Act) del presidente Donald Trump, han llevado a los estados a reducir el gasto en ABA y otras áreas en crecimiento dentro del programa.

También ha influido una serie de auditorías estatales y federales que pusieron en duda los pagos realizados a algunos proveedores de ABA.

Una auditoría federal del programa Medicaid en Indiana estimó pagos indebidos de al menos $56 millones en 2019 y 2020, señalando que algunos proveedores cobraron por horas excesivas, incluso durante la hora de la siesta.

Una auditoría similar en Wisconsin calculó pagos indebidos por al menos $18,5 millones entre 2021 y 2022. En Minnesota, las autoridades estatales tenían 85 investigaciones abiertas sobre proveedores de servicios para el autismo en el verano, después de que el FBI allanara dos centros a finales del año pasado como parte de una investigación por fraude a Medicaid.

Familias presentan batalla

Pero los esfuerzos por reducir el gasto en esta terapia también han generado rechazo entre las familias que dependen del tratamiento.

En Carolina del Norte, las familias de 21 niños con autismo presentaron una demanda judicial contra el recorte del 10% en los pagos a proveedores. En Colorado, un grupo de proveedores y padres demandó al estado por su decisión de requerir autorizaciones previas y reducir los pagos por la terapia.

Y en Nebraska, familias y defensores aseguran que los recortes —que van del 28% al 79%, según el tipo de servicio— podrían poner en riesgo el acceso al tratamiento.

“Sus hijos han tenido avances muy importantes y ahora los dejan en la estacada”, dijo Cathy Martinez, presidenta de Autism Family Network, una organización sin fines de lucro con sede en Lincoln, Nebraska, que apoya a personas autistas y a sus familias.

Martinez pasó años abogando para que Nebraska exigiera cobertura para la terapia ABA, cuando su familia se tuvo que declarar en bancarrota por pagarla de su bolsillo para su hijo Jake.

Jake fue diagnosticado con autismo a los 2 años, en 2005, y comenzó a recibir ABA en 2006. Martinez atribuye a esta terapia el que Jake haya aprendido a leer, escribir, usar un dispositivo de comunicación asistida e ir al baño solo.

Para pagar el tratamiento, que costaba $60.000 al año, la familia pidió dinero prestado a un familiar, hipotecó su casa por segunda vez y terminó en bancarrota.

“Me dio muchísima rabia que mi familia tuviera que declararse en bancarrota para poder darle a nuestro hijo algo que recomendaron todos los doctores que lo vieron”, dijo Martinez. “Ninguna familia debería tener que elegir entre la bancarrota y ayudar a su hijo”.

Nebraska ordenó la cobertura de servicios para el autismo en 2014. Ahora, Martinez teme que los recortes lleven a los proveedores a dejar de ofrecer el servicio, limitando el acceso por el que tanto luchó.

Sus temores parecieron confirmarse a fines de septiembre, cuando Above and Beyond Therapy, uno de los mayores proveedores de ABA en Nebraska, notificó a las familias que dejaría de participar en el programa Medicaid del estado, debido a los recortes.

El sitio web de Above and Beyond ofrece servicios en al menos ocho estados. Según una auditoría estatal, la empresa recibió más de $28.5 millones del programa Medicaid con administración privada de Nebraska en 2024. Eso representa aproximadamente un tercio del gasto total en ABA en el estado ese año, y cuatro veces más que el segundo proveedor más grande. Su director general, Matt Rokowsky, no respondió a las solicitudes de entrevista.

Una semana después de anunciar su retiro, la empresa cambió de opinión y decidió continuar ofreciendo servicios bajo Medicaid, citando “una enorme cantidad de llamadas, correos electrónicos y mensajes emotivos” en una carta enviada a las familias.

Danielle Westman, madre de Caleb, un adolescente de 15 años paciente de Above and Beyond que recibe 10 horas semanales de ABA en casa, se sintió aliviada con el anuncio. Caleb es semiverbal y tiene tendencia a alejarse de sus cuidadores.

“No voy a ir con ninguna otra empresa”, dijo Westman. “Muchas compañías de ABA quieren que vayamos a sus centros en horario de oficina. Mi hijo tiene mucha ansiedad, ansiedad muy alta, así que estar en casa, en su espacio seguro, ha sido increíble”.

Funcionarios de Nebraska declararon que antes de los recortes, el estado tenía las tarifas de reembolso de Medicaid para ABA más altas del país y que los nuevos pagos siguen siendo competitivos en comparación con los estados vecinos, pero permitirán que el servicio “sea accesible y sostenible a futuro”.

Drew Gonshorowski, director estatal de Medicaid, dijo que su agencia sigue de cerca la situación y que no tenía conocimiento de proveedores que hubieran dejado el estado debido a los recortes. Afirmó que más proveedores han comenzado a operar en Nebraska desde que se anunciaron los cambios.

Uno incluso celebró los recortes. Corey Cohrs, CEO de Radical Minds, que tiene siete centros en el área de Omaha, criticó lo que considera una tendencia de algunos proveedores a ofrecer 40 horas de servicios por niño por semana, sin diferenciar necesidades. Lo comparó con recetar quimioterapia a todos los pacientes con cáncer, sin importar la gravedad, solo porque es el tratamiento más caro.

“Así se gana más dinero por paciente y no se toman decisiones clínicas reales para determinar el mejor camino”, expresó Cohrs.

Nebraska estableció un límite de 30 horas semanales de ABA sin revisión clínica adicional, y según Cohrs, las nuevas tarifas son viables para los proveedores, a menos que su modelo de negocios dependa exclusivamente de las altas tasas de Medicaid.

En Carolina del Norte, los servicios de ABA de Aubreigh Osborne fueron restablecidos principalmente gracias a la persistencia de su madre, quien llamó una y otra vez hasta lograr que el sistema cediera.

Y por ahora, Gaile Osborne no tendrá que preocuparse por las disputas legislativas que podrían afectar la atención de su hija. A principios de noviembre, un juez del Tribunal Superior del estado suspendió temporalmente los recortes a ABA mientras avanza la demanda presentada por las familias.

Osborne es directora ejecutiva de Foster Family Alliance, una importante organización de defensa del cuidado temporal en el estado, y fue maestra de educación especial durante casi 20 años. A pesar de su experiencia, no sabía cómo ayudar a Aubreigh a mejorar socialmente. Al principio, era escéptica sobre ABA, pero ahora ve en esta terapia un puente hacia el bienestar de su hija.

“No es perfecta”, dijo Osborne. “Pero el progreso que ha tenido en menos de un año es increíble”.

¿Tienes alguna experiencia relacionada con recortes en los servicios para personas con autismo que te gustaría compartir? Haz clic aquí para contarle tu historia a KFF Health News.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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It’s the ‘Gold Standard’ in Autism Care. Why Are States Reining It In? https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/aba-therapy-applied-behavior-analysis-autism-medicaid-rate-cuts-north-carolina/ Tue, 23 Dec 2025 10:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2122385 ALEXANDER, N.C. — Aubreigh Osborne has a new best friend.

Dressed in blue with a big ribbon in her blond curls, the 3-year-old sat in her mother’s lap carefully enunciating a classmate’s first name after hearing the words “best friend.” Just months ago, Gaile Osborne didn’t expect her adoptive daughter would make friends at school.

Diagnosed with autism at 14 months, Aubreigh Osborne started this year struggling to control outbursts and sometimes hurting herself. Her trouble with social interactions made her family reluctant to go out in public.

But this summer, they started applied behavior analysis therapy, commonly called ABA, which often is used to help people diagnosed with autism improve social interactions and communication. A tech comes to the family’s home five days a week to work with Aubreigh.

Since then, she has started preschool, begun eating more consistently, succeeded at toilet training, had a quiet, in-and-out grocery run with her mom, and made a best friend. All firsts.

“That’s what ABA is giving us: moments of normalcy,” Gaile Osborne said.

But in October, Aubreigh’s weekly therapy hours were abruptly halved from 30 to 15, a byproduct of her state’s effort to cut Medicaid spending.

Other families around the country have also recently had their access to the therapy challenged as state officials make deep cuts to Medicaid — the public health insurance that covers people with low incomes and disabilities. North Carolina attempted to cut payments to ABA providers by 10%. Nebraska cut payments by nearly 50% for some ABA providers. Payment reductions also are on the table in Colorado and Indiana, among other states.

Efforts to scale back come as state Medicaid programs have seen spending on the autism therapy balloon in recent years. Payments for the therapy in North Carolina, which were $122 million in fiscal year 2022, are projected to hit $639 million in fiscal 2026, a 423% increase. Nebraska saw a 1,700% jump in spending in recent years. Indiana saw a 2,800% rise.

Heightened awareness and diagnosis of autism means more families are seeking treatment for their children, which can range from 10 to 40 hours of services a week, according to Mariel Fernandez, vice president of government affairs at the Council of Autism Service Providers. The treatment is intensive: Comprehensive therapy can include 30-40 hours of direct treatment a week, while more focused therapy may still consist of 10-25 hours a week, according to guidelines released by the council.

It’s also a relatively recent coverage area for Medicaid. The federal government ordered states to cover autism treatments in 2014, but not all covered ABA, which Fernandez called the “gold standard,” until 2022.

State budget shortfalls and the nearly $1 trillion in looming Medicaid spending reductions from President Donald Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act have prompted state budget managers to trim the autism therapy and other growing line items in their Medicaid spending.

So, too, have a series of state and federal audits that raised questions about payments to some ABA providers. A federal audit of Indiana’s Medicaid program estimated at least $56 million in improper payments in 2019 and 2020, noting some providers had billed for excessive hours, including during nap time. A similar audit in Wisconsin estimated at least $18.5 million in improper payments in 2021 and 2022. In Minnesota, state officials had 85 open investigations into autism providers as of this summer, after the FBI raided two providers late last year as part of an investigation into Medicaid fraud.

Families Fight Back

But efforts to rein in spending on the therapy have also triggered backlash from families who depend on it.

In North Carolina, families of 21 children with autism filed a lawsuit challenging the 10% provider payment cut. In Colorado, a group of providers and parents is suing the state over its move to require prior authorization and reduce reimbursement rates for the therapy.

And in Nebraska, families and advocates say cuts of the magnitude the state implemented — from 28% to 79%, depending on the service — could jeopardize their access to the treatment.

“They’re scared that they’ve had this access, their children have made great progress, and now the rug is being yanked out from under them,” said Cathy Martinez, president of the Autism Family Network, a nonprofit in Lincoln, Nebraska, that supports autistic people and their families.

Martinez spent years advocating for Nebraska to mandate coverage of ABA therapy after her family went bankrupt paying out-of-pocket for the treatment for her son Jake. He was diagnosed with autism as a 2-year-old in 2005 and began ABA therapy in 2006, which Martinez credited with helping him learn to read, write, use an assistive communication device, and use the bathroom.

To pay for the $60,000-a-year treatment, Martinez said, her family borrowed money from a relative and took out a second mortgage before ultimately filing for bankruptcy.

“I was very angry that my family had to file bankruptcy in order to provide our son with something that every doctor that he saw recommended,” Martinez said. “No family should have to choose between bankruptcy and helping their child.”

Nebraska mandated insurance coverage for autism services in 2014. Now, Martinez worries the state’s rate cuts could prompt providers to pull out, limiting the access she fought hard to win.

Her fears appeared substantiated in late September when Above and Beyond Therapy, one of the largest ABA service providers in Nebraska, notified families it planned to terminate its participation in Nebraska’s Medicaid program, citing the provider rate cuts.

Above and Beyond’s website advertises services in at least eight states. The company was paid more than $28.5 million by Nebraska’s Medicaid managed-care program in 2024, according to a state audit. That was about a third of the program’s total spending on the therapy that year and four times as much as the next largest provider. CEO Matt Rokowsky did not respond to multiple interview requests.

A week after announcing it would stop participating in Nebraska Medicaid, the company reversed course, citing a “tremendous outpouring of calls, emails, and heartfelt messages” in a letter to families.

Danielle Westman, whose 15-year-old son, Caleb, receives 10 hours of at-home ABA services a week from Above and Beyond, was relieved by the announcement. Caleb is semiverbal and has a history of wandering away from caregivers.

“I won’t go to any other company,” Westman said. “A lot of other ABA companies want us to go to a center during normal business hours. My son has a lot of anxiety, high anxiety, so being at home in his safe area has been amazing.”

Nebraska officials have said the state previously had the highest Medicaid reimbursement rates for ABA in the nation and that the new rates still compare favorably to neighboring states’ but will ensure the services are “available and sustainable going forward.”

States Struggle With High Spending

State Medicaid Director Drew Gonshorowski said his agency is closely tracking fallout. Deputy Director Matthew Ahern said that while no ABA providers have left the state following the cuts, one provider stopped taking Medicaid payments for the therapy. New providers have also entered Nebraska since officials announced the cuts.

One Nebraska ABA provider has even applauded the rate cuts. Corey Cohrs, CEO of Radical Minds, which has seven locations in the Omaha area, has been critical of what he sees as an overemphasis by some ABA providers on providing a blanket 40 hours of services per child per week. He likened it to prescribing chemotherapy to every cancer patient, regardless of severity, because it’s the most expensive.

“You can then, as a result, make more money per patient and you’re not using clinical decision-making to determine what’s the right path,” Cohrs said.

Nebraska put a 30 hour-a-week cap on the services without additional review, and the new rates are workable for providers, Cohrs said, unless their business model is overly predicated on high Medicaid rates.

In North Carolina, Aubreigh Osborne’s ABA services were restored largely due to her mother’s persistence in calling person after person in the state’s Medicaid system to make the case for her daughter’s care.

And for the time being, Gaile Osborne won’t have to worry about the legislative squabbles affecting her daughter’s care. In early December, North Carolina Gov. Josh Stein canceled all the Medicaid cuts enacted in October, citing lawsuits like the one brought by families of children with autism.

“DHHS can read the writing on the wall,” Stein said, announcing the state health department’s reversal. “That’s what’s changed. Here’s what has not changed. Medicaid still does not have enough money to get through the rest of the budget year.”

Osborne is executive director of Foster Family Alliance, a prominent foster care advocacy organization in the state, and taught special education for nearly 20 years. Despite her experience, she didn’t know how to help Aubreigh improve socially. Initially skeptical about ABA, she now sees it as a bridge to her daughter’s well-being.

“It’s not perfect,” Osborne said. “But the growth in under a year is just unreal.”

Do you have an experience with cuts to autism services that you’d like to share? Click here to tell KFF Health News your story.

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Qué ocurre cuando tus médicos ya no están en la red de tu aseguradora https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/que-ocurre-cuando-tus-medicos-ya-no-estan-en-la-red-de-tu-aseguradora/ Mon, 03 Nov 2025 21:33:41 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2110776 El invierno pasado, Amber Wingler comenzó a recibir una serie de mensajes cada vez más urgentes del hospital local de Columbia, Missouri, informándole que la atención médica de su familia podría verse afectada pronto.

MU Health Care, donde practican la mayoría de los médicos que utiliza su familia, estaba inmerso en una disputa contractual con Anthem, la aseguradora de salud de Wingler. El contrato vigente estaba a punto de expirar.

Entonces, el 31 de marzo, la mujer recibió un correo electrónico alertándola de que al día siguiente el hospital ya no estaría en la red de Anthem.

La noticia la dejó atónita.

“Sé que negocian contratos todo el tiempo… pero parecía un simple trámite burocrático que no nos afectaría. Nunca antes me habían excluido de la red de una aseguradora de esa manera”, comentó. El momento no pudo ser menos oportuno.

La consulta: Cuando la aseguradora de salud de una madre de Missouri no pudo llegar a un acuerdo con su hospital, la mayoría de sus médicos quedaron repentinamente fuera de la red. Se preguntaba cómo conseguiría que se cubriera la atención médica de sus hijos o cómo encontraría nuevos médicos. “Para una familia de cinco… ¿por dónde empezamos?” — Amber Wingler, 42 años, de Columbia, Missouri

La hija de Wingler, Cora, de 8 años, había estado teniendo problemas intestinales sin razón aparente. Las listas de espera para ver a varios especialistas pediátricos y tener un diagnóstico, desde gastroenterología hasta terapia ocupacional, eran largas: iban de semanas hasta más de un año.

(En un comunicado, el vocero de MU Health Care, Eric Maze, afirmó que el sistema de salud trabaja para garantizar que los niños con las necesidades más urgentes sean atendidos lo antes posible).

De repente, las consultas con los especialistas para Cora estaban fuera de la red de su seguro. A varios cientos de dólares cada una, el costo se habría disparado rápidamente. Los únicos otros especialistas pediátricos dentro de la red que Wingler encontró estaban en St. Louis y Kansas City, ambos a más de 120 millas de distancia.

Así que Wingler pospuso las citas médicas de su hija durante meses mientras intentaba decidir qué hacer.

En todo el país, las disputas contractuales son comunes, con más de 650 hospitales involucrados en conflictos públicos con aseguradoras desde 2021.

Y podrían volverse aún más frecuentes a medida que los hospitales se preparan para recortes de aproximadamente $1.000 millones en el gasto federal en salud, según lo estipulado por la ley insignia del presidente Donald Trump, promulgada en julio.

Los pacientes atrapados en una disputa contractual tienen pocas opciones viables.

“Existe un antiguo proverbio africano que dice: cuando dos elefantes pelean, la hierba se aplasta. Y, lamentablemente, en estas situaciones, a menudo los pacientes son la hierba”, afirmó Caitlin Donovan, directora de la Patient Advocate Foundation, una organización sin fines de lucro que ayuda a personas con dificultades para acceder a la atención médica.

Si te sientes aplastado bajo una disputa contractual entre un hospital y tu aseguradora, esto es lo que necesitas saber para protegerte financieramente:

1. “Fuera de la red” significa que probablemente pagarás más.

Las aseguradoras negocian contratos con hospitales y otros proveedores médicos para establecer las tarifas que pagarán por distintos servicios. Cuando llegan a un acuerdo, el hospital y la mayoría de los proveedores que trabajan allí pasan a formar parte de la red de la aseguradora.

La mayoría de los pacientes prefieren consultar con proveedores “dentro de la red” porque su seguro cubre parte, la mayor parte o incluso la totalidad de la factura, que podría ascender a cientos o miles de dólares. Si consultas con un proveedor fuera de la red, podrías tener que pagar la factura completa.

Si decides seguir con tus médicos habituales aunque estén fuera de la red, puedes consultar sobre la posibilidad de obtener un descuento por pago en efectivo y sobre el programa de asistencia financiera del hospital.

2. Las disputas entre hospitales y aseguradoras suelen resolverse.

Jason Buxbaum, investigador de políticas de salud de la Universidad Brown, examinó 3.714 hospitales no federales en Estados Unidos y halló que, entre junio de 2021 y mayo de 2025, un 18% de ellos tuvo una disputa pública con una compañía de seguros de salud.

Cerca de la mitad de esos hospitales finalmente se retiraron de la red de la aseguradora, según los datos preliminares de Buxbaum. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas rupturas se resuelven en uno o dos meses, agregó. Por lo tanto, es muy probable que tus médicos vuelvan a formar parte de la red, incluso después de una separación.

3. Podrías calificar para una extensión que te permita reducir costos.

Ciertos pacientes con afecciones graves o complejas podrían calificar para una extensión de la cobertura dentro de la red, lo que se llama continuidad de la atención.

Puedes pedir esta extensión llamando a tu aseguradora, pero el proceso puede ser largo. Algunos hospitales han habilitado recursos para ayudar a los pacientes a solicitarla.

Wingler pasó por todo ese calvario por su hija: horas al teléfono, llenando formularios y enviando faxes.

Pero dijo que no tenía el tiempo ni la energía para hacerlo para todos los miembros de su familia.

“Mi hijo estaba en fisioterapia”, dijo. “Pero lo siento mucho, hijo, tú sigue con los ejercicios que tienes que hacer. No voy a pelearme para que tú también tengas cobertura, cuando ya estoy peleando por tu hermana”, se dijo.

También es importante tener en cuenta si se trata de una emergencia médica: en la mayoría de los servicios de urgencias, los hospitales no pueden cobrar a los pacientes más de las tarifas de su red.

4. Puede que tengas que esperar para cambiar de aseguradora.

Quizás estés pensando en cambiarte a una aseguradora que cubra a tus médicos favoritos. Pero ten en cuenta que muchas personas que eligen sus planes de salud durante el período anual de inscripción abierta quedan atadas a su plan durante un año. Los contratos entre las aseguradoras y los hospitales no necesariamente coinciden con el año de tu plan.

Ciertos acontecimientos de vida, como casarse, tener un hijo o perder el trabajo, pueden permitirte cambiar de seguro fuera del período anual de inscripción abierta, pero que tus médicos dejen de pertenecer a la red de tu seguro no se considera un acontecimiento de vida que te permita hacerlo.

5. Buscar un nuevo médico puede llevar mucho tiempo.

Si la ruptura entre tu aseguradora y el hospital parece definitiva, podrías considerar buscar una nueva lista de médicos y otros proveedores que estén dentro de la red de tu plan. ¿Por dónde empezar? Tu plan probablemente tenga una herramienta en línea para buscar proveedores dentro de la red cerca de donde vives.

Pero ten en cuenta que cambiar de médico podría significar esperar para establecerte como paciente de uno nuevo y, en algunos casos, tener que ir más lejos.

6. Vale la pena guardar los recibos.

Incluso si tu seguro y el hospital no llegan a un acuerdo antes de que expire su contrato, existe la probabilidad de que lleguen a un nuevo acuerdo.

Algunos pacientes deciden posponer sus citas mientras esperan. Otros mantienen sus citas y pagan de su propio bolsillo. Si es tu caso, guarda los recibos. Cuando las aseguradoras y los hospitales llegan a un acuerdo, este suele aplicarse retroactivamente, por lo que las citas que pagaste de tu bolsillo podrían estar cubiertas después de todo.

Fin de un suplicio

Tres meses después de que expirara el contrato entre la aseguradora de Wingler y el hospital, ambas partes anunciaron un nuevo acuerdo. Wingler se unió a la multitud de pacientes que programaron las citas que habían pospuesto durante la crisis.

En un comunicado, Jim Turner, vocero de Elevance Health, la empresa matriz de Anthem, escribió: “Abordamos las negociaciones enfocados en la equidad, la transparencia y el respeto por todos los afectados”.

Maze, de MU Health Care, dijo: “Comprendemos la importancia del acceso puntual a la atención pediátrica especializada para las familias y lamentamos profundamente la frustración que algunos padres han experimentado al intentar programar citas tras la resolución de las negociaciones de nuestro contrato con Anthem”.

Wingler se alegró de que su familia pudiera volver a ver a sus médicos, pero su alivio se vio atenuado por la determinación de no volver a encontrarse en la misma situación.

“Creo que seremos un poco más precavidos cuando llegue el período de inscripción abierta”, dijo Wingler. “Nunca nos habíamos preocupado por revisar nuestra cobertura de gastos de bolsillo porque no la necesitábamos”.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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So Your Insurance Dropped Your Doctor. Now What? https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/health-care-helpline-hospital-insurance-network-contract-disputes-what-to-do/ Wed, 29 Oct 2025 09:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?p=2102809&post_type=article&preview_id=2102809

Last winter, Amber Wingler started getting a series of increasingly urgent messages from the local hospital in Columbia, Missouri, letting her know her family’s health care might soon be upended.

MU Health Care, where most of her family’s doctors work, was mired in a contract dispute with Wingler’s health insurer, Anthem. The existing contract was set to expire.

Then, on March 31, Wingler received an email alerting her that the next day Anthem was dropping the hospital from its network. It left her reeling.

“I know that they go through contract negotiations all the time … but it just seemed like bureaucracy that wasn’t going to affect us. I’d never been pushed out-of-network like that before,” she said.  

The timing was awful.

The query: When a Missouri mom’s health insurance company couldn’t come to an agreement with her hospital, most of her doctors were suddenly out-of-network. She wondered how she would get her kids’ care covered or find new doctors. “For a family of five, … where do we even start?”

Amber Wingler, 42, in Columbia, Missouri

Wingler’s 8-year-old daughter, Cora, had been having unexplained troubles with her gut. Waitlists to see various pediatric specialists to get a diagnosis, from gastroenterology to occupational therapy, were long — ranging from weeks to more than a year.

(In a statement, MU Health Care spokesperson Eric Maze said the health system works to make sure children with the most urgent needs are seen as quickly as possible.)

Suddenly, the specialist visits for Cora were out-of-network. At a few hundred bucks a piece, the out-of-pocket cost would have added up fast. The only other in-network pediatric specialists Wingler found were in St. Louis and Kansas City, both more than 120 miles away.

So Wingler delayed her daughter’s appointments for months while she tried to figure out what to do.

Nationwide, contract disputes are common, with more than 650 hospitals having public spats with an insurer since 2021. They could become even more common as hospitals brace for about $1 trillion in cuts to federal health care spending prescribed by President Donald Trump’s signature legislation signed into law in July.

Patients caught in a contract dispute have few good options. “There’s that old African proverb: that when two elephants fight, the grass gets trampled. And unfortunately, in these situations, oftentimes patients are grass,” said Caitlin Donovan, a senior director at the Patient Advocate Foundation, a nonprofit that helps people who are having trouble accessing health care.

If you’re feeling trampled by a contract dispute between a hospital and your insurer, here is what you need to know to protect yourself financially:

1. “Out-of-network” means you’ll likely pay more.

Insurance companies negotiate contracts with hospitals and other medical providers to set the rates they will pay for various services. When they reach an agreement, the hospital and most of the providers who work there become part of the insurance company’s network.

Most patients prefer to see providers who are “in-network” because their insurance picks up some, most, or even all of the bill, which could be hundreds or thousands of dollars. If you see an out-of-network provider, you could be on the hook for the whole tab.

If you decide to stick with your familiar doctors even though they’re out-of-network, consider asking about getting a cash discount and about the hospital’s financial assistance program.

2. Rifts between hospitals and insurers often get repaired.

When Brown University health policy researcher Jason Buxbaum examined 3,714 nonfederal hospitals across the U.S., he said, he found that about 18% of them had a public dispute with an insurance company sometime from June 2021 to May 2025.

About half of those hospitals ultimately dropped out of the insurance company’s network, according to Buxbaum’s preliminary data. But most of those breakups ultimately get resolved within a month or two, he added. So your doctors very well could end up back in the network, even after a split.

3. You might qualify for an exception to keep costs lower.

Certain patients with serious or complex conditions might qualify for an extension of in-network coverage, called continuity of care. You can apply for that extension by contacting your insurer, but the process may prove lengthy. Some hospitals have set up resources to help patients apply for that extension.

Wingler ran that gantlet for her daughter, spending hours on the phone, filling out forms, and sending faxes. But she said she didn’t have the time or energy to do that for everyone in her family.

“My son was going through physical therapy,” she said. “But I’m sorry, dude, like, just do your exercises that you already have. I’m not fighting to get you coverage too, when I’m already fighting for your sister.”

Also worth noting, if you’re dealing with a medical emergency: For most emergency services, hospitals can’t charge patients more than their in-network rates.

4. Switching your insurance carrier may need to wait.

You might be thinking of switching to an insurer that covers your preferred doctors. But be aware: Many people who choose their insurance plans during an annual open enrollment period are locked into their plan for a year. Insurance contracts with hospitals are not necessarily on the same timeline as your “plan year.”

Certain life events, such as getting married, having a baby, or losing a job, can qualify you to change insurance outside of your annual open enrollment period, but your doctors’ dropping out of an insurance network is not a qualifying life event.

5. Doctor-shopping can be time-consuming.

If the split between your insurance company and hospital looks permanent, you might consider finding a new slate of doctors and other providers who are in-network with your plan. Where to start? Your insurance plan likely has an online tool to search for in-network providers near you. 

But know that making a switch could mean waiting to establish yourself as a patient with a new doctor and, in some cases, traveling a fair distance.

6. It’s worth holding on to your receipts.

Even if your insurance and hospital don’t strike a deal before their contract expires, there’s a decent chance they will still make a new agreement.

Some patients decide to put off appointments while they wait. Others keep their appointments and pay out-of-pocket. Hold on to your receipts if you do. When insurers and hospitals make up, the deals often are backdated, so the appointments you paid for out-of-pocket could be covered after all.

End of an Ordeal

Three months after the contract between Wingler’s insurance company and the hospital lapsed, the sides announced they had reached a new agreement. Wingler joined the throng of patients scheduling appointments they’d delayed during the ordeal.

In a statement, Jim Turner, a spokesperson for Anthem’s parent company, Elevance Health, wrote, “We approach negotiations with a focus on fairness, transparency, and respect for everyone impacted.”

Maze from MU Health Care said: “We understand how important timely access to pediatric specialty care is for families, and we’re truly sorry for the frustration some parents have experienced scheduling appointments following the resolution of our Anthem contract negotiations.”

Wingler was happy her family could see their providers again, but her relief was tempered by a resolve not to be caught in the same position again.

“I think we will be a little more studious when open enrollment comes around,” Wingler said. “We’d never really bothered to look at our out-of-pocket coverage before because we didn’t need it.”

Health Care Helpline helps you navigate the health system hurdles between you and good care. Send us your tricky question and we may tap a policy sleuth to puzzle it out. Share your story. The crowdsourced project is a joint production of NPR and KFF Health News.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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States Are Cutting Medicaid Provider Payments Long Before Trump Cuts Hit https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/state-medicaid-cuts-reimbursement-big-bill-north-carolina-idaho-budgets/ Mon, 22 Sep 2025 09:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2090924 Every day for nearly 18 years, Alessandra Fabrello has been a medical caregiver for her son, on top of being his mom.

“It is almost impossible to explain what it takes to keep a child alive who should be dead,” said Fabrello, whose son, Ysadore Maklakoff, experienced a rare brain condition called acute necrotizing encephalopathy at 9 months old.

Through North Carolina’s Medicaid program, Maklakoff qualifies for a large slate of medical care in the family’s home in Chapel Hill. Fabrello said she works with staffing agencies to arrange services. She also learned to give the care ordinarily performed by a doctor, skilled nurse, or highly trained therapist because she often can’t get help.

Now, broad cuts to North Carolina Medicaid will make finding and paying for care even more difficult.

Nationwide, states are scrambling to close budget shortfalls and are eyeing Medicaid, generally one of a state’s biggest costs — even before President Donald Trump’s hulking tax-and-spending law decreases federal spending on Medicaid by about $1 trillion over the next decade.

North Carolina and Idaho have already announced plans to cut Medicaid payments to health care providers, including hospitals, doctors, and caregivers.

In Michigan and Pennsylvania — where lawmakers have yet to pass budgets this year — spending on Medicaid is part of those debates. In Washington state, lawmakers approved cuts to the program that will not affect who is eligible, said Hayden Mackley, a spokesperson for the state’s Office of Financial Management.

Medicaid is government health insurance for people with low incomes or disabilities and both state and federal dollars pay for the program.

North Carolina’s Medicaid agency announced it will institute on Oct. 1 a minimum 3% reduction in pay for all providers who treat Medicaid patients. Primary care doctors face an 8% cut and specialty doctors a 10% drop in payments, according to the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services.

Fabrello said her son’s dentist already called to say the office will not accept Medicaid patients come November. Fabrello fears dental work will become another service her son qualifies for but can’t get because there aren’t enough providers who accept Medicaid coverage.

Occupational and speech therapy, nursing care, and respite care are all difficult or impossible to get, she said. In a good week, her son will get 50 hours of skilled nursing care out of the 112 hours he qualifies for.

“When you say, ‘We’re just cutting provider rates,’ you’re actually cutting access for him for all his needs,” Fabrello said.

Shannon Dowler, former chief medical officer for North Carolina Medicaid, said that reduced payments to dentists and other providers will lower the number of providers in the state’s Medicaid network and result in “an immediate loss of access to care, worse outcomes, and cause higher downstream costs.”

The imminent cuts in North Carolina “don’t have anything to do” with the new federal law that cuts Medicaid funding, Dowler said.

“This is like the layers of the onion,” she said. “We are hurting ourselves in North Carolina way ahead of the game, way before we need to do this.” North Carolina alone is projected to lose about $23 billion in federal Medicaid dollars over the next decade.

More than 3 million North Carolinians are enrolled in Medicaid. Deadlocked state lawmakers agreed to a mini budget in July to continue funding state programs that gave the Medicaid agency $319 million less than it requested. Lawmakers can choose to reinstate funding for Medicaid this fiscal year, Dowler said.

“We all hope it changes,” Dowler said, adding that if it does not, “you’re going to see practices dropping coverage of Medicaid members.”

Each year since at least 2019, North Carolina’s Medicaid agency has asked for more money than it received from the state legislature. A variety of federal resources, including money provided to states during the covid-19 pandemic, helped bridge the gap.

But those funds are gone this year, leaving the agency with a choice: Eliminate some optional parts of the program or force every provider that accepts the public insurance to take a pay cut. The state opted mostly for the latter.

“It’s a difficult moment for North Carolina,” said Jay Ludlam, deputy secretary for North Carolina Medicaid. The cut in the budget is “absolutely the opposite direction of where we really want to go, need to go, have been headed as a state.”

For Anita Case, who leads a small group of health clinics in North Carolina, the cuts make it harder to take care of the “most vulnerable in our community.”

Western North Carolina Community Health Services’ three clinics serve about 15,000 patients in and around Asheville, including many non-English-speaking tourism workers. Case said she will look at staffing, services, and contracts to find places to trim.

Idaho has about 350,000 people enrolled in Medicaid. This month, state leaders there responded to an $80 million state budget shortfall by cutting Medicaid pay rates 4% across the board.

The broad cuts have raised backlash from nursing home operators and patient advocacy groups. Leaders of one nursing home company wrote in a recent op-ed in the Idaho Statesman newspaper that 75% to 100% of the funding at their facilities comes from Medicaid and the cuts will force them to “to reduce staff or accept fewer residents.”

Idaho Department of Health and Welfare spokesperson AJ McWhorter said the state faced tough choices. It forecasted 19% growth in Medicaid spending this year.

The Idaho Hospital Association’s Toni Lawson said the financial strain will be greatest at about two dozen small hospitals — ones with 25 or fewer beds — that dot the state. Lawson, the organization’s chief advocacy officer, said one hospital leader reported they had less than two days’ cash on hand to make payroll. Others reported 30 days’ cash or less, she said.

“Hopefully, none of them will close,” Lawson said, adding that she expects labor and delivery and behavioral health units, which often lose money, to be the first to go because of this latest state reduction in payments. Several hospitals in mostly rural areas of the state closed their labor and delivery units last year, she said.

Nationwide, Medicaid makes up an average of 19% of a state’s general fund spending, second only to K-12 spending, said Brian Sigritz, director of state fiscal studies for the National Association of State Budget Officers.

States generally had strong revenue growth in 2021 and 2022 because of economic growth, which included federal aid to stimulate the economy. Revenue growth has since slowed, and some states have cut income and property taxes.

Meanwhile, spending on Medicaid, housing, education, and disaster response has increased, Sigritz said.

In North Carolina, Fabrello has been unable to work outside of caring for her son. Her savings are almost exhausted, Fabrello said, and she was on the brink of financial ruin until North Carolina began allowing parents to be compensated for caregiving duties. She’s received that income for about a year, she said. Without it, she worried about losing her home.

Now, if the state reductions go through, she faces a salary cut.

“As parents, we are indispensable lifelines to our children, and we are struggling to fight for our own survival on top of it,” Fabrello said.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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Cuando los pacientes quedan atrapados en medio de las peleas entre aseguradoras y hospitales https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/cuando-los-pacientes-quedan-atrapados-en-medio-de-las-peleas-entre-aseguradoras-y-hospitales/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 09:52:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2081904 Amy Frank dijo que pasó 17 horas al teléfono durante casi tres semanas, rebotando entre su aseguradora y el sistema hospitalario local, para asegurarse de que el plan de salud cubriera la atención que su esposo necesitaba después de una cirugía.

Muchas de sus llamadas no pasaron de la música en espera. Cuando lograba comunicarse, el hospital le decía que llamara a su aseguradora. La aseguradora, a su vez, le pedía que el hospital enviara por fax un formulario a un número específico. El hospital respondía que se le había indicado enviarlo a otro número distinto.

“Era un gran vacío legal en el que quedamos atrapados, dando vueltas sin parar”, dijo Frank.

Ella y su esposo, Allen, enfrentaron esa maraña de frustración porque estaban entre los 90.000 pacientes del centro de Missouri atrapados en una disputa contractual entre University of Missouri Health Care (MU Health Care), un sistema de salud con sede en Columbia, Missouri, y Anthem, la aseguradora de la pareja.

Las empresas dejaron vencer su contrato en abril al no lograr un acuerdo para mantener al sistema hospitalario y sus clínicas dentro de la red del seguro.

Cada vez más personas en Estados Unidos se ven en aprietos similares.

En la ciudad de Nueva York, las negociaciones entre UnitedHealthcare y Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center no llegaron a un acuerdo antes del 30 de junio, lo que dejó brevemente a algunos pacientes en el limbo hasta que se concretó un acuerdo al día siguiente.

En Carolina del Norte, Duke Health anunció recientemente que podría dejar de formar parte de la red de Aetna a menos que la aseguradora aceptara pagar tarifas más altas. Y los Frank casi quedaron fuera de la red el año anterior, cuando una disputa contractual en 2023 entre Anthem y un grupo de atención primaria en Jefferson City, Missouri, los obligó a cambiar algunos de sus proveedores a MU Health Care.

De hecho, el 18% de los hospitales no federales experimentaron al menos un caso documentado de enfrentamiento público con una aseguradora entre junio de 2021 y mayo de 2025, según hallazgos preliminares de Jason Buxbaum, investigador en políticas de salud de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la Universidad Brown. En el mismo período, el 8% de los hospitales dejaron de estar dentro de la red de alguna aseguradora, al menos en forma temporal.

Según expertos de la industria, tendencias como la consolidación hospitalaria y el aumento de los costos médicos contribuyen a estas disputas, y políticas impulsadas durante la presidencia de Donald Trump podrían hacer que sean más frecuentes, ya que los hospitales se preparan para enfrentar recortes de aproximadamente $1.000 billones en el gasto federal en salud, como parte de una ley presupuestaria de gran alcance del  presidente.

“Van a ser más duros en las negociaciones con las aseguradoras porque van a estar en un estatus de supervivencia”, dijo John Baackes, ejecutivo de seguros jubilado y ex integrante de la junta de America’s Health Insurance Plans, el grupo gremial nacional que representa a la industria aseguradora.

Durante los tres meses de estancamiento entre la aseguradora y el sistema hospitalario en Missouri, los pacientes con planes de Anthem perdieron el acceso a cobertura dentro de la red con el proveedor médico más grande de la región, y, en algunas especialidades, el único.

La mayoría de las personas no podían cambiar de aseguradora a mitad de año y enfrentaban la opción de pagar precios más altos, posponer la atención, buscar nuevos proveedores o atravesar una pesadilla burocrática con la esperanza de que su condición médica calificara para una extensión de cobertura de 90 días.

La disputa ocurrió en un momento especialmente complicado para los Frank. Allen Frank se recuperaba de complicaciones luego de caerse del techo mientras limpiaba el revestimiento exterior de su casa en Rich Fountain en octubre. Amy lo llevó en auto 24 millas hasta la sala de emergencias más cercana. Hacía poco que MU Health Care había adquirido ese centro, en Jefferson City, y Allen fue trasladado en ambulancia terrestre 30 millas más hasta el hospital principal del sistema en Columbia, donde se le practicó una cirugía para colocarle dos placas metálicas y varios tornillos en la clavícula.

La consolidación del sistema de salud ha venido aumentando en todo el país durante las últimas tres décadas: desde 1998 se han anunciado más de 2.000 fusiones de hospitales, incluidas 428 entre 2018 y 2023. Las fusiones pueden generar eficiencias y algunos beneficios para los pacientes, pero también reducen la competencia en el mercado y fortalecen la posición de los hospitales en sus negociaciones con las aseguradoras.

“Los mercados de aseguradoras llevan tiempo estando consolidados”, dijo Buxbaum, de Brown. “Lo que ha cambiado es el nivel de consolidación de los hospitales”.

Ahora, si un sistema hospitalario deja de formar parte de una red, explicó, “no se trata solo de un hospital importante. Es mucho más probable que se trate de todos los centros clave o de una masa crítica de proveedores en el área”.

Para los pacientes, esto representa un escenario alarmante. Y por eso, la amenaza pública de romper relaciones se ha convertido en una herramienta poderosa en las negociaciones entre hospitales y aseguradoras. Esa táctica suele favorecer a los hospitales, comentó Baackes, “porque la suposición general es que la aseguradora es avara y el hospital está haciendo el trabajo de Dios”.

En un comunicado, Buddy Castellano, vocero de Elevance Health, empresa matriz de Anthem, escribió: “Abordamos las negociaciones con un enfoque en la equidad, la transparencia y el respeto para todos los afectados. Las discusiones sobre tarifas de los planes de salud son complejas y requieren una colaboración cuidadosa para garantizar la sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Nuestro compromiso es claro: asegurar el acceso a la atención médica mientras mantenemos la cobertura accesible para las familias, los empleadores y las comunidades a las que servimos”.

Allen Frank necesitó atención médica de seguimiento en los meses posteriores a la cirugía, incluida una segunda operación en julio.

Una ley federal conocida como Ley de No Sorpresas (No Surprises Act), que entró en vigencia en 2022, ofrece protección a algunos pacientes cuyos proveedores salen de la red por una disputa contractual. Las personas que están en tratamiento por condiciones graves pueden mantener las tarifas dentro de la red hasta por 90 días con sus proveedores actuales, lo que retrasa la necesidad de cambiar de proveedor o pagar más. Así que Amy Frank pasó horas al teléfono para lograr que su esposo pudiera continuar con la atención médica.

“Ya habíamos alcanzado el deducible. Si salimos de la red, tendríamos que empezar desde cero con el deducible”, explicó.

Finalmente, Anthem aceptó que Allen Frank continuara su tratamiento con MU Health Care. Pero cuando se presentó a una cita para una inyección en el hombro lesionado, le dijeron que el sistema de salud no tenía constancia de la autorización. Allen se negó a irse sin ser atendido y, finalmente, una enfermera logró comunicarse con Anthem para obtener el número de confirmación y la aprobación para la cita.

“Es muy frustrante”, dijo Amy Frank a principios de julio, antes de que las partes llegaran a un acuerdo. “Yo también tengo problemas médicos, pero no siento que sean lo suficientemente graves como para tener que pelear por la continuidad de mi atención”.

En un correo electrónico, el vocero de MU Health Care, Eric Maze, escribió: “Aunque nuestro objetivo era llegar a un acuerdo antes de que venciera el contrato y evitar interrupciones en la atención, establecimos procesos y recursos con anticipación para facilitar la continuidad de la atención y reducir la carga para nuestros pacientes. Entendemos y lamentamos el estrés y la preocupación que generó estar fuera de la red para muchos, y estamos profundamente agradecidos por la paciencia y la confianza que depositaron en nosotros durante este tiempo”.

El aumento de los costos médicos está impulsando las disputas contractuales. Los gastos hospitalarios aumentaron un 5,1% en 2024, según un informe reciente de la Asociación Estadounidense de Hospitales (American Hospital Association), superando la tasa de inflación, que fue de 2,9%. Los costos laborales son el principal factor: los salarios ofrecidos a enfermeros aumentaron un 26,6% más rápido que la inflación entre 2020 y 2024, según el informe.

Los hospitales buscan recuperar esos costos presionando a las aseguradoras para que paguen más por sus servicios.

El economista en salud de la Universidad de Washington en St. Louis, Tim McBride, dijo que esta dinámica podría empeorar aún más por la ley masiva de impuestos y gastos. Esta medida contempla recortes significativos al gasto federal en salud para la próxima década, incluyendo una reducción de 911.000 millones de dólares en Medicaid, y se prevé que provoque la pérdida de cobertura médica para 10 millones de personas.

Durante el colapso de las negociaciones entre MU Health Care y Anthem, la aseguradora afirmó que el hospital pedía un aumento del 39% en las tarifas durante tres años, mientras que el hospital aseguró que la aseguradora no se movía del 1%-2%.

El 30 de junio, tres meses después del inicio del conflicto, el Comité del Senado de Missouri sobre Seguros y Banca convocó a ambas partes a una audiencia que rompió el estancamiento de meses y provocó nuevas propuestas de Anthem.

“Anthem duplicó su oferta de aumento en las tarifas”, escribió en una publicación en Facebook la presidenta del Senado de Missouri, Cindy O’Laughlin, republicana cuyo distrito abarca partes del centro de Missouri, en una publicación del 8 de julio, alentando un acuerdo.

“Sí, sé que no estoy involucrada directamente ni soy la directora general de ninguna de las dos partes, pero por lo que me han dicho, esto parece una oferta razonable”.

Una semana después, las partes anunciaron un acuerdo con efecto retroactivo al 1 de abril, fecha en que venció el contrato anterior.

Amy Frank recibió varios mensajes de texto de amigos y familiares sobre el acuerdo. Ella había sido muy vocal con sus frustraciones, y querían asegurarse de que estuviera al tanto. Pero su alivio fue moderado.

“¿Y todo esto fue para nada?”, dijo al día siguiente del anuncio.

Ya había invertido horas al teléfono para asegurarse de que la cirugía de Allen del 31 de julio para reparar las placas en su clavícula estuviera cubierta. No tenía prisa por llamar a sus médicos para reprogramar las citas que había cancelado, imaginando que las líneas seguirían ocupadas. La experiencia la hizo preguntarse si ambas partes buscaban enfadar a la gente como táctica de negociación.

“Todo ese dinero por el que pelean… ¿realmente vale la pena todo este estrés?”, dijo.

Y después de haber vivido dos disputas en tres años, no puede evitar preguntarse: ¿cuánto tiempo pasará hasta la próxima?

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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When Hospitals and Insurers Fight, Patients Get Caught in the Middle https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/hospitals-insurers-contract-dispute-patients-coverage-in-limbo/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 09:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2074850 Amy Frank said it took 17 hours on the phone over nearly three weeks, bouncing between her insurer and her local hospital system, to make sure her plan would cover her husband’s post-surgery care.

Many of her calls never got past the hold music. When they did, the hospital told her to call her insurer. The insurer told her to have the hospital fax a form to a special number. The hospital responded that they’d been instructed to send faxes to a different number.

“It was just a big loophole we were caught in, going around and around,” Frank said.

Frank and her husband, Allen, faced that ellipse of frustration because they were among 90,000 central Missouri patients caught in the middle of a contract dispute between University of Missouri, or MU, Health Care, a Columbia, Missouri-based health system, and Anthem, the couple’s health insurance provider. The companies let their contract expire in April after failing to strike a deal to keep the hospital system and its clinics in-network.

A growing number of Americans find themselves in a similar pinch. In New York City, negotiations between UnitedHealthcare and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center missed a June 30 deadline, briefly leaving some patients in limbo until a deal was reached the next day. In North Carolina, Duke Health recently announced it could leave the Aetna network unless the insurance company agreed to pay more favorable rates to the health system. And the Franks were nearly caught out-of-network previously, when a 2023 contract dispute between Anthem and a primary care group in Jefferson City, Missouri, prompted the couple to switch some providers to MU Health Care.

Indeed, 18% of non-federal hospitals experienced at least one documented case of public brinksmanship with an insurance company from June 2021 to May 2025, according to preliminary findings by Jason Buxbaum, a health policy researcher at the Brown University School of Health. Over the same period, 8% of hospitals ultimately went out-of-network with an insurer, at least for a time.

Industry observers say long-standing trends like hospital consolidation and rising health care costs contribute to the disputes, and Trump administration policies could make them more frequent as hospitals brace for about $1 trillion in cuts to federal health care spending as part of President Donald Trump’s sweeping budget law.

“They’re going to be more hard-nosed at negotiating with the health plans because they’re going to be in a survival mode,” said John Baackes, a retired insurance executive and former board member of America’s Health Insurance Plans, the national trade group representing the health insurance industry.

During the three-month stalemate between the insurer and the health system in Missouri, patients with Anthem plans lost in-network coverage with the region’s largest — and, for some specialties, only — medical provider.

Most people were unable to switch insurance midyear and faced the choice of paying higher prices upfront, delaying care, finding new providers, or running a paperwork gauntlet in hopes their medical conditions qualified for a 90-day coverage extension.

The dispute came at a particularly inconvenient time for the Franks. Allen Frank was recovering from complications from falling off the roof while cleaning the siding of the couple’s home in Rich Fountain in October. When it happened, Amy drove him 24 miles to the nearest emergency room. The facility in Jefferson City had recently been taken over by MU Health Care, and Allen was soon transferred 30 miles farther by ground ambulance to the system’s main hospital in Columbia for surgery to insert two metal plates and several screws to repair his collarbone.

Health care consolidation has been booming nationwide for 30 years, with over 2,000 hospital mergers announced since 1998, including 428 from 2018 to 2023. Mergers may lead to some efficiencies and benefits for consumers, but they also reduce market competition and strengthen the hand of hospitals in negotiations with insurers.

“Insurer markets have been consolidated for a long time,” Brown’s Buxbaum said. “What’s changed is how consolidated the hospital markets have become.”

Now if a hospital system drops out of a network, he said, “it’s not just going to be one key hospital. It’s much more likely to be all the key facilities, or many of the critical mass of providers” in an area.

It’s a scary prospect for patients, making the public threat of a rupture a potent tool in negotiations between hospitals and insurers. That typically works in a hospital’s favor, Baackes said, “because the general assumption is the insurance is being greedy and the hospital is doing God’s work.”

In a statement, Buddy Castellano, spokesperson for Anthem’s parent company, Elevance Health, wrote, “We approach negotiations with a focus on fairness, transparency, and respect for everyone impacted. Health plan rate discussions are complex and require thoughtful collaboration to ensure long-term sustainability. Our commitment remains clear: ensuring access to care while keeping coverage affordable for the families, employers, and communities we serve.”

Allen Frank needed follow-up care in the months after his initial surgery, including a second surgery in July.

A federal law dubbed the No Surprises Act, which took effect in 2022, offers protections for some patients whose provider drops out of network due to a contract dispute. People getting treatment for serious conditions can keep their in-network rates for up to 90 days with their current providers, delaying the need to find a new one or face higher rates. So Amy Frank worked the phones to get that continuity of care for her husband.

“Our deductible was already met. If we go out-of-network, we’re going to have to start completely over for the out-of-network deductible,” she said.

Eventually, Anthem agreed to let Allen Frank continue his care with MU Health Care. But when he showed up for an appointment to get an injection in his injured shoulder, he was told the health system didn’t have a record of the approval. He refused to leave without being seen, and, eventually, a nurse was able to get through to Anthem to get a confirmation number and approval for the appointment.

“It’s just very frustrating,” Amy Frank said in early July, before the sides had reached a deal. “I’ve got my own medical issues, and I don’t feel like mine are bad enough to be fighting for a continuity of care.”

In an email, MU Health Care spokesperson Eric Maze wrote: “While our goal was to reach agreement prior to our contract terminating and to avoid disruption in care, we established processes and resources well in advance to facilitate continuity of care and reduce the burden for our patients. We understand and are sorry for the stress and concern being out of network created for many, and we are deeply grateful for the patience and trust placed in us during this time.”

Rising health care costs are fueling contract disputes. Hospital expenses grew 5.1% in 2024, according to a recent brief from the American Hospital Association, outpacing the 2.9% inflation rate. Labor costs are the biggest driver, with advertised nursing salaries rising 26.6% faster than inflation from 2020 to 2024, the brief noted.

Hospitals want to recoup those costs by pressing insurance companies to pay more for services.

Washington University in St. Louis health economist Tim McBride said that dynamic could be further enflamed by the massive tax-and-spending law. The measure makes significant cuts to federal health care spending over the next decade, including a $911 billion drop in Medicaid spending, and is expected to cause 10 million Americans to lose their insurance.

As negotiations between MU Health Care and Anthem broke down, the insurer claimed the hospital was seeking a 39% rate increase over three years, while the hospital said the insurer wouldn’t budge past 1%-2%.

On June 30, three months into the standoff, the Missouri Senate Insurance and Banking Committee called the two sides in for a hearing that broke months of deadlock and prompted new proposals from Anthem.

“Anthem doubled their rate increase offer,” Missouri Senate President Cindy O’Laughlin, a Republican whose district includes parts of central Missouri, wrote in a Facebook post on July 8, encouraging a deal.

“Yes I know that I’m not on the inside nor the CEO of either but from what I’ve been told this seems a reasonable offer.”

The sides announced an agreement one week later that was retroactive to April 1, the day the previous contract expired.

Amy Frank got several texts from friends and family about the agreement. She’d been so vocal about her frustrations, they wanted to make sure she’d seen the news. But her relief was subdued.

“So you put everybody through all of this for nothing?” she said the day after the deal was announced.

She had already sunk hours on the phone to ensure Allen’s July 31 surgery to repair the plates holding his clavicle together would be covered. She was in no rush to call her doctors to reschedule the appointments she’d skipped, figuring their phone lines would be busy. The experience had her wondering if the two sides were trying to get people upset as a bargaining tactic.

“That money that they’re fighting over — is that really worth all of the stress?” she said.

And after going through two disputes in three years, she can’t help but wonder: How long until the next one?

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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New Medicaid Federal Work Requirements Mean Less Leeway for States https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/medicaid-federal-work-requirements-less-leeway-for-states/ Tue, 05 Aug 2025 09:00:00 +0000 https://kffhealthnews.org/?post_type=article&p=2067611 When President Donald Trump signed a law adding work requirements for some Medicaid recipients, he may have undercut lawmakers in at least 14 states who were designing their own plans, according to health industry observers.

Georgia is the only state with a work requirement in place for Medicaid, but several states have been pursuing such a policy for years, only to be blocked by courts or, most recently, the Biden administration. Some seek state-specific touches to the new rules. Others aim to implement work requirements before the federal law takes effect at the end of 2026.

These states’ moves and Trump’s massive tax-and-spending law share one demand: To keep their Medicaid health coverage, adults who can work must prove they’re logging a minimum number of hours at a job or school, or else qualify for one of the few exemptions.

But now, states that jumped ahead need to ensure their proposals, which require federal approval, don’t stray too far from Trump’s law.

“The statute sets both the floor and ceiling” for work requirements, said Sara Rosenbaum, a health law and policy professor with George Washington University.

South Dakota, for example, announced in July that it would not submit an application for work requirements as previously planned amid concerns that the state’s laxer rules would not be allowed under the new federal law. The state’s Department of Social Services secretary had warned that working on a state proposal while the federal rules are being hashed out could be “an exercise in futility.”

Arkansas’ plan, on the other hand, is more stringent than the federal law. There are no exemptions to its work requirements in the application, which is pending with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Arizona’s proposal also includes something that’s not in the federal law: a ban on “able-bodied adults” receiving Medicaid benefits for longer than five years total in their lives.

Arkansas and Arizona government officials said they were working with federal officials to square their plans with the new standards.

Andrew Nixon, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, said the department is analyzing how the new federal standards interact with state waivers.

The federal health department must release rules by next June that outline how states are to implement work requirements, according to Elizabeth Hinton, who has been tracking such waivers as part of the Program on Medicaid and the Uninsured at KFF, a health information nonprofit that includes KFF Health News.

“We don’t exactly know what that will cover,” Hinton said.

It’s unclear how federal officials will respond to the states’ requests, she added, but “we are aware that some folks think there is no wiggle room here.”

States can tweak their Medicaid programs through what are known as demonstration waivers, which are subject to federal approval. The waivers are designed to test new ideas in policy gray areas.

The states that have filed or plan to file such applications with work requirements include Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Utah.

Congressional Republicans who passed the budget reconciliation bill left room for states to use waivers to fast-track the national standards. Tara Sklar, a professor leading the University of Arizona’s Health Law & Policy Program, said she expects states seeking certain stricter requirements to have a chance of approval, while more lenient ones may face denials.

Federal officials may look favorably on Arizona’s plan, Sklar said, as a five-year lifetime Medicaid limit is different from work requirements. Even if the federal government greenlights stricter work requirements than the federal law calls for, those programs are likely to face legal challenges, she added.

The federal law includes an 80-hour-per-month minimum for work or education, with exemptions for certain adults, including people who are medically frail and parents with young, dependent children.

Montana is the first state to draft a waiver application since Congress finalized national work requirements. State lawmakers first approved work requirements — called “community engagement” standards under the state plan — in 2019, but the state’s application stalled through the end of the first Trump term and the Biden administration.

After Trump was elected again, Montana lawmakers lifted the 2025 expiration date of its Medicaid expansion program, making permanent the program that covered more than 76,000 adults in April, with the expectation that the Trump administration would approve work requirements. In mid-July, state officials released their draft plan to make that a reality “as soon as is practicable.”

The Montana plan largely aligns with the federal law, but it would create additional exemptions, including for people who are homeless or fleeing domestic violence.

Republican state Sen. Gayle Lammers said work requirements that also protect such people who need Medicaid were a big part of persuading legislators to keep the expansion program. At the time, officials didn’t know where the federal government would land on work requirements. And now, Lammers said, it makes sense for Montana to stick to its plan.

“The state should have a say,” Lammers said. “We’re very independent, and everyone is different.”

In South Carolina, state officials are seeking to roll out work requirements for a limited number of newly eligible Medicaid beneficiaries. South Carolina is one of 10 states that has not expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act, and yet the state submitted a request with the federal government in June for a partial Medicaid expansion that includes a work requirement component that largely reflects the new federal standards.

In a letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, called South Carolina’s proposal “a state-specific solution.”

The only state with an active work requirement program now wants to scale it back and awaits federal approval to do so. “Georgia Pathways to Coverage” expires at the end of September unless CMS greenlights an extension of the program with a key change: requiring enrollees to document once a year that they’re working, not monthly. That’s a pivot away from the program’s initial design but also differs from the new federal rules, which call for checks every six months.

Fiona Roberts, a spokesperson for Georgia’s Medicaid agency, said the state is still waiting to hear whether it needs to alter its plan.

So Georgia is among the states in limbo, awaiting guidance from the federal government.

KFF Health News correspondents Sam Whitehead and Lauren Sausser contributed to this report.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF.

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